1. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda izidingo zokuvikela zokudla
Ukudla okuhlukene kunezingxenye zamakhemikhali ezihlukene, izakhiwo zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali, njll., ngakho ukudla okuhlukene kunezidingo ezihlukene zokuvikela zokupakishwa.Ngokwesibonelo,ukupakishwa kwetiyekufanele ibe nokungazweli komoya-mpilo okuphezulu (ukuvimbela izithako ezisebenzayo ukuthi zifakwe i-oxidized), ukumelana nomswakama ophezulu (itiye liyakhunta futhi liwohloke lapho limanzi), ukumelana nokukhanya okuphezulu (i-chlorophyll etiyeni izoshintsha ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga), nokumelana okuphezulu iphunga.(Izingxenye zephunga elimnandi zama-molecule etiye kulula kakhulu ukuzikhipha, futhi iphunga letiye liyalahleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga etiye abuye abe lula kakhulu ukumunca iphunga langaphandle), futhi ingxenye enkulu yetiye emakethe okwamanje ihlanganiswe ngendlela evamile. I-PE, i-PP nezinye izikhwama zepulasitiki ezibonakalayo, ezichitha kakhulu izithako ezisebenzayo zetiye , ikhwalithi yetiye ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa.
Ngokuphambene nokudla okungenhla, izithelo, imifino, njll. kunezinketho zokuphefumula ngemva kokukha, okungukuthi, ukupakishwa kuyadingeka ukuze kube nokungena okuhlukile kumagesi ahlukene.Ngokwesibonelo,ubhontshisi wekhofi ogazingiweizokhipha kancane kancane i-carbon dioxide ngemva kokupakisha, futhiushiziizophinde ikhiqize i-carbon dioxide ngemva kokupakishwa, ngakho-ke ukupakishwa kwayo kufanele kube umgoqo we-oxygen ophezulu kanye nokungena okuphezulu kwe-carbon dioxide.Izidingo zokuvikela zokupakishwa kwenyama eluhlaza, ukudla okugayiwe,iziphuzo, ukudla okulula, futhiizimpahla ezibhakwayonazo zihluke kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukupakishwa kufanele kuklanywe ngokwesayensi ngokuya ngezakhiwo ezahlukene zokudla ngokwazo kanye nezidingo zokuvikela amanzi.
2. Khetha izinto zokupakisha ezinomsebenzi wokuvikela ofanele
Izinto zesimanje zokupakisha ukudla ikakhulukazi zifaka amapulasitiki, iphepha, izinto eziyinhlanganisela (izinto eziyinhlanganisela yezendlalelo eziningi ezifana nepulasitiki/ipulasitiki, ipulasitiki/iphepha, ipulasitiki/i-aluminium, i-foil/iphepha/ipulasitiki, njll.), amabhodlela engilazi, amathini ensimbi Linda.Sigxila ezintweni eziyinhlanganisela kanye nokupakishwa okusekelwe epulasitiki.
1) Izinto ezihlanganisiwe
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ziyizinto zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi.Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 zamapulasitiki asetshenziswa ekufakweni kokudla, futhi kunamakhulu ezinto eziyinhlanganisela yezendlalelo eziningi eziqukethe amapulasitiki.Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izendlalelo ezingu-2-6, kodwa zingafinyelela izendlalelo eziyi-10 noma ngaphezulu ngezidingo ezikhethekile.Ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki, iphepha noma umshini wephepha lethishu, i-aluminium foil kanye nezinye izinto ezingaphansi, ukuhlanganisa okungokwesayensi nokunengqondo noma ukuhambisana kwe-lamination, kungacishe kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokupakisha zokudla okuhlukahlukene.Isibonelo, impilo yeshalofu ye-Tetra Pak yobisi olupakishiwe olwenziwa ngezinto ezinezendlalelo eziningi njengepulasitiki/amakhadibhodi/i-aluminium-plastiki/ipulasitiki ingaba yinde isigamu sonyaka ukuya onyakeni.Impilo yeshelufu yamanye amathini enyama apakishiwe aguquguqukayo aphezulu ingaba iminyaka emi-3, futhi impilo yeshalofu yamaqebelengwane ahlanganisiwe kwamanye amazwe athuthukile ingafinyelela ngaphezu konyaka owodwa.Ngemva konyaka owodwa, ukudla okunomsoco, umbala, iphunga, ukunambitheka, ukuma kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-microbial yekhekhe kusahlangana Dinga.Lapho uklama ukupakishwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ukunaka okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhethweni kwe-substrates yesendlalelo ngasinye, ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kube ngokwesayensi futhi kunengqondo, futhi ukusebenza okuphelele kwenhlanganisela ngayinye yongqimba kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo eziphelele zokudla okupakishwayo.
2) Ipulasitiki
Kunezinhlobo ezifika kweziyishumi nanhlanu noma eziyisithupha zamapulasitiki asetshenziswa ekufakweni kokudla ezweni lami, njenge-PE, PP, PS, PET, PA, PVDC, EVA, PVA, EVOH, PVC, ionomer resin, njll. Phakathi kwazo, lezo ezinokumelana ne-oxygen ephezulu zihlanganisa i-PVA, i-EVOH, i-PVDC, i-PET, i-PA, njll., labo abanokumelana nomswakama ophezulu bahlanganisa i-PVDC, PP, PE, njll.;labo abanokumelana okuphezulu emisebeni njenge-PS inayiloni enamakha, njll.;labo abanokumelana nokushisa okuphansi njenge-PE, EVA, POET, PA, njll;ukumelana nowoyela okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, njenge-ionomer resin, i-PA, i-PET, njll., ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa inzalo nokushisa okuphansi, njenge-PET, i-PA, njll. Isakhiwo se-monomer yama-plastiki ahlukahlukene sihlukile, izinga ye-polymerization ihlukile, uhlobo kanye nenani lezithasiselo zihlukile, futhi izakhiwo nazo zihlukile.Ngisho nezakhiwo zamabanga ahlukene epulasitiki efanayo zizohluka.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhetha amapulasitiki afanelekile noma inhlanganisela yamapulasitiki nezinye izinto ngokuya ngezidingo.Ukukhetha okungalungile kungase kubangele ikhwalithi yokudla yehle noma kulahlekelwe inani lakho elidliwayo.
3.ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe bokupakisha ezithuthukile
Ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi seshelufu sokudla, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokupakisha obuhlala buthuthukiswa njalo, obufana nokupakisha okusebenzayo, ukupakisha okunqanda ukukhunta, ukupakisha okuvikela umswakama, ukupakisha okulwa nenkungu, ukupakisha okulwa ne-static, ukupakisha okuphefumulayo okukhethiwe, okungasheleli. ukupakisha, ukupakishwa kwe-buffer, njll., kusetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni athuthukile.Ubuchwepheshe obusha abusetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni lami, futhi ezinye izindlela azikabhalwa lutho.Ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu umsebenzi wokuvikela wokupakisha.
4. Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokupakisha nezinto zokusebenza ezisekela ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukudla
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukudla, sekusungulwe izinhlobonhlobo zemishini yokupakisha emisha, njengemishini yokupakisha i-vacuum, imishini yokufaka i-vacuum inflatable, imishini yokupakisha encipha ukushisa, imishini yokupakisha amabhamuza, imishini yokupakisha isikhumba, imishini yokugcwalisa i-sheet thermoforming, uketshezi. Imishini yokugcwalisa, ukwakha / ukugcwalisa / ukuvala imishini yokupakisha, amasethi aphelele emishini yokupakisha ye-aseptic, njll Ngokusho kwezinto ezikhethiwe zokupakisha nezindlela zenqubo yokupakisha, ukukhethwa noma umklamo wemishini yokupakisha ehambisana nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukudla kanye namandla okukhiqiza kuyisiqinisekiso ukupakishwa ngempumelelo.
5. Ukumodela nokuklama kwesakhiwo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zesayensi
Idizayini yokupakisha kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zejiyomethri, bese uzama ukusebenzisa into encane yokupakisha ukwenza isiqukathi sevolumu esikhulu, esingagcina izinto zokupakisha futhi sihlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo.Idizayini yesakhiwo sesitsha sokupakisha kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zemishini, futhi amandla okucindezela, ukumelana nomthelela, nokumelana nokwehla kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokugcinwa, ezokuthutha kanye nokuthengiswa kwephakheji.Ukwakheka kwesiqukathi sokupakisha kufanele kube okusha.Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isitsha esimise okwephayinaphu ukupakisha ijusi kaphayinaphu kanye nesiqukathi esimise okwe-apula ukupakisha ijusi ye-apula nezinye iziqukathi zokupakisha ezithokozisayo kufanelekile ukuphromotha.Iziqukathi zokupakisha kufanele zibe lula ukuzivula noma ukuvuleka ngokuphindaphindiwe, kanti ezinye zidinga ukuvulwa noma ukuvalwa kwesibonisi.
6. Ukuthobela imithetho yokupakisha yezwe lami kanye namazwe athumela ngaphandle
Kusukela ekuqaleni kuye ekugcineni, isinyathelo ngasinye sokupakisha kufanele sikhethe izinto zokwakha, uphawu, ukuphrinta, inqwaba kanye nelebula ngokuya ngamazinga okupakisha, imithethonqubo, nemithethonqubo.Ukwenziwa kwamazinga kanye nokulinganisa kuqhutshwa kuyo yonke inqubo yokupakisha, ehambisana nokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukusakazwa kwempahla kanye nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, njll., iziqukathi zokupakisha Ukugaywa kabusha nokulahlwa kwezinto zokupakisha imfucuza kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo.
7. Ukuhlolwa kokupakisha
Ukupakisha kwesimanje kusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwesayensi, ekubaleni, ekukhetheni impahla enengqondo, ukuklama nokuhlobisa, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obuphambili kanye nemishini yokupakisha nemishini.Njengempahla efanelekayo, ngaphezu komkhiqizo (ukudla) kufanele kuhlolwe, ukupakishwa kufanele futhi kuhlolwe okuhlukahlukene.Njengokungena komoya, ukungena komswakama, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nomswakama wesitsha sokupakisha, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesitsha sokupakisha (impahla) nokudla, inani elisele lezicubu zezinto zokupakisha ekudleni, ukumelana kwempahla yokupakisha. ekudleni okupakishiwe, isitsha sokupakisha Amandla acindezelayo, amandla okuqhuma, amandla omthelela, njll. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kokupakisha, futhi izinto zokuhlola zingakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile kanye nezidingo zokulawula.
8. Idizayini yomhlobiso wokupakisha kanye nokuqwashisa komkhiqizo wokupakisha
Idizayini yokupakisha nokuhlobisa kufanele ihambisane nokuzilibazisa kanye nemikhuba yabathengi nabathengi emazweni athumela ngaphandle.Umklamo wephethini uhlanganiswe kangcono nengaphakathi.Uphawu lokuhweba kufanele lube sobala, futhi incazelo yombhalo kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokudla.Izincazelo zomkhiqizo kufanele zibe yiqiniso.Izimpawu zokuthengisa kufanele zihehe, ziqondeke kalula, zisakazeke kalula, futhi zingadlala indima ekusakazweni okusabalele.Idizayini yokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yegama lomkhiqizo kufanele ibe nokuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo.Okunye ukupakishwa komkhiqizo kungashintshwa kalula, okuthinta ukuthengiswa.Isibonelo, uhlobo oluthile lweviniga e-China lunedumela elihle eJapane naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kodwa umthamo wokuthengisa ngemva kokushintsha ukupakisha uyancipha kakhulu.Ukupakishwa kusolwa.Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo kufanele uhlanganiswe ngokwesayensi futhi awukwazi ukushintshwa kalula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-20-2022