Ukupakishwa kwakusasa kuhlakaniphile futhi kuhloselwe amaqembu athile okuhlosiwe kanye nezinsiza.“Yilokhu izinyunyana ezimbonini ezisebenza ngensimbi, ezezimayini, zamakhemikhali nezamandla, njenge-IG metall, IG Bergbau, Chemie kanye ne-Energie, ezikusho embikweni wemboni yokupakisha, futhi kuqinisekile ukuthi ngeke kube khona okulandelayo. iminyaka embalwa.noma yiziphi izinguquko.
Ukupakishwa okulula okuvalekayo, isikhathi seshelufu esinwetshiwe kanye nokupakishwa okuvuleleka kalula konke kuyitimu ezibalulekile eziqhuba ukukhula okuqhubekayo komkhakha.Lo mfutho wokuthuthuka wemakethe yokupakisha uqhutshwa kakhulu yimakethe yase-Asia, kodwa futhi uqhutshwa yizimakethe zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Yurophu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindikimba zokuya emadolobheni kanye nentuthuko esimeme nazo zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yokupakisha.
Ukupakishwa kuyadingeka cishe kuzo zonke izimboni.Nakuba ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela umkhiqizo nokwenza kube lula ukugcinwa nokuthutha, ukupakisha kubuye kusize ukuhlukanisa umkhiqizo nokwenza indawo yokuthengisa.
Isikhwama sokupakisha ukudlaimboni ibilokhu iyimakethe ebalulekile imboni yokupakisha ekhathazeke kakhulu ngayo.E-Europe kuphela, ukudla okungaba ngu-60% kuyamoshwa ngenxa yokonakala, okuyisibalo esingahle sibe phansi kakhulu uma kuhlanganiswe kahle.Ngomqondo othile, ukuvikelwa komkhiqizo kuwukuvikela isimo sezulu ngoba, ukuze kugcwalise ukudla okwamoshwa ngenxa yokuvikeleka okungafanele, kudingeka kukhiqizwe ukudla okusha, futhi umphumela wekhabhoni ngokuvamile uba mkhulu kunokukhiqizwa. ngeukupakisha okufanele.Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukudla okonakele nge-carbon footprint enkulu.
Ngamafuphi, imboni yokupakisha izoqhubeka nokuchuma, kodwa kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe ngezixazululo ezintsha.
Ngokungangabazeki, imikhiqizo yokupakisha ihluke kakhulu, futhi i-athikili eyodwa ayikwazi ukuyihlanganisa yonke, ngakho-ke isihloko esisodwa kuphela nezibonelo ezithile ezikhethiwe lapha.
Impilo ihlale igxile kakhulu
Isihloko esiqhubekayo esihlobene nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki impilo.Kuyaqondakala ukuthi yonke iphakheji yokuvikela izuzisa impilo yomthengi ngokuhlukanisa ukudla emithonyeni ehlukahlukene yangaphandle.Embonini yesiphuzo ikakhulukazi, ukwengezwa kwezinto ezikhuthaza impilo eziphuzweni kuwumkhuba okhulayo, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa okukhethekile kokupakisha kuyadingeka eziphuzo ezinjalo, njengeziphuzo zejusi yezithelo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini, kanye neziphuzo zezemidlalo neziphuzo zokuqina nge Izithako zokudla ezikhethekile iziphuzo.I-KHS Plasmax, ezinze e-Hamburg, eJalimane, ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe be-Plasmax ukuze igcine lezi ziphuzo zizintsha ebhodleleni isikhathi eside.Ngokukhethekile, enqubweni ye-plasma enengcindezi ephansi, ungqimba lwe-silicon oxide emsulwa (okungukuthi, ingilazi) cishe ama-nanometer angama-50 lufakwa odongeni lwangaphakathiIbhodlela le-PET, ukuze isiphuzo sivikelwe ezweni langaphandle, ngakho-ke singagcinwa isikhathi eside , amavithamini kanye nezithasiselo ngeke zilahleke.Ngokungafani nokuncintisana kobuchwepheshe bebhodlela lezendlalelo eziningi, ubuchwepheshe be-Plasmax bunzima kakhulu, kodwa buholela ezindlekweni zezinto ezibonakalayo eziphansi kakhulu ibhodlela ngalinye.Inzuzo enkulu yenqubo ye-Plasmax ukuthi amabhodlela angasetshenziswa kabusha ngokuphelele.
Iziphuzo ezinempilo ezinezinhlayiya eziyizigaxa zingenye inkambiso embonini yeziphuzo, njengamanzi anezingcezu zenhlaba, nobisi neyogathi enezicucu zezithelo.Lesi siphuzo asidingi kuphela ukuma kwebhodlela elihambisanayo, kodwa futhi nobuchwepheshe bokugcwalisa obungakwazi ukukala izinhlayiya eziqinile ngokuhlanzeka nangokunembile.Njengomunye wabakhi bemishini abaningana abangochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, i-Krones, ezinze e-Neutraubling, eJalimane, inikeza uhlelo lwayo olukhethekile lwe-Dosaflex lophawu lwentengiso, olungakala u-3mm x 3mm x 3mm ngokunemba kwemitha okungu-±0.3% Izinhlayiya ezinamaqhubu ziyalinganiswa.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuphila okulinganiselwe kweshelufu yeziphuzo zobisi, i-Holland Colors NV, i-Apeldoorn, i-Netherlands, isungule i-additive yayo entsha ye-Holcomer III, ehlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwe-100% emisebeni ye-UV futhi kuze kufike ku-99% Ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela. ukukhiqizwa kwezixazululo zokupakisha ze-PET monolayer zobisi olungenayo i-pasteurized.Inzuzo esobala yalesi sixazululo ukwakhiwa kwayo kongqimba olulodwa, okwenza kube lula ukugaywa kabusha kunokufakwa okuhambisanayo kwezendlalelo eziningi.
I-lightweight iyitimu yaphakade
Ngaso sonke isixazululo sokupakisha, isisindo sihlala sigxile, futhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imibono nezixazululo zokunciphisa isisindo ziye zavela.Phakathi kuka-1991 no-2013, isisindo sonke sephakheji sehliswe ngo-25% ngenxa yemiklamo emisha kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwezindonga.Naphezu kokukhula okulindelekile kokusebenza, ngo-2013 kuphela, amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1 epulasitiki alondolozwa emhlabeni wonke ekongeni isisindo sokupakisha.Ukuthatha amabhodlela e-PET njengesibonelo, akuncishiswanga nje ukujiya kodonga, kodwa umklamo ophansi nawo uthuthukisiwe, futhi umklamo omusha ovunguzayo wodwa wonga u-2g wepulasitiki ibhodlela ngalinye.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ibhodlela, i-Creative Packaging Solutions Ltd., ese-Balcova-Izmir, eTurkey, ithuthukise inqubo yayo ye-Mint-Tec, lapho, ngemva kokwakhiwa kwe-preform, i-piston ingena ebhodleleni ngaphandle kokuthinta igolo lebhodlela.Iphansi liletha umumo oyifunayo.
Idizayinelwe ukuthi iphinde isetshenziswe kusukela ekuqaleni
Izitayela zokupakisha ezithatha iziphuzo njengesibonelo nazo zisebenza cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo embonini yokudla, lapho ukunciphisa isisindo njalo kuza kuqala.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukunciphisa isisindo kuhlobene nokonga impahla kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, kodwa akuyona yodwa.Isizathu, futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuthi abenzi bezomthetho nabathengi baya ngokuya befuna "ukuvikelwa kwezinsiza", okuhlobene eduze nomqondo wokupakishwa kabusha.EJalimane, lapho cishe zonke izinto ezipakishwayo zasendlini ziphinda zisetshenziswe, ngaphezu kwesigamu (56%) zakho zigaywa kabusha kunokuba zishiswe, zisuka ku-3% cishe eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.Mayelana nalokhu, amabhodlela e-PET anezinga eliphezulu lokugaywa kabusha, kanti u-98% wezinto ezibonakalayo ziyabuyiswa futhi zibuyiselwe emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza.Okusho ukuthi, wonke amabhodlela amasha akhiqizwa namuhla aqukethe cishe u-25% wezinto ezigaywe kabusha.
Ukusetshenziswa kokupakishwa kwemfucuza kungathuthukiswa nakakhulu uma ukupakishwa kuklanyelwe ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni.Njengomprosesa we-polyolefin, uDkt. Michael Scriba, Umqondisi Ophethe we-mtm plastics e-Niedergebra, e-Germany, uyazi kahle le nkinga.Ngokombono wakhe, amapulasitiki ahlanzekile kufanele asetshenziswe lapho kungenzeka khona, kunokuba "iphepha-plastiki" izinhlanganisela, hhayi amnyama noma calcium carbonate-egcwele polyolefins.Futhi, i-PET kufanele ikhethelwe amabhodlela esikhundleni samathreyi adwetshiwe ajulile.
isikhwama sokupakisha
Amafilimu aya ngokuncipha futhi asebenza kakhulu
Ngesabelo semakethe esingaphezu kuka-40%, ifilimu iyiphakheji yepulasitiki evamile esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukudla, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa izinto ezifana nokugoqa ibhamuza noma ifilimu enwetshiwe esetshenziselwa ukuvikela impahla.Imikhiqizo yefilimu encane iphinde ibonise umkhuba ocacile "wokuthuthukiswa ekuqondeni kobuncane nokusebenza kahle".Nakuba amafilimu anezingqimba eziningi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, ekusebenzeni kwamafilimu nawo angatholakala ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo ezifanele.Isidingo sezendlalelo ezengeziwe sifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngokufika kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-nanolayer" enezingqimba ezingu-33 noma ngaphezulu.Namuhla, amafilimu ane-3-layer kanye ne-5-layer ayimikhiqizo ejwayelekile, futhi asiza ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa "kwezinto ezishibhile kungqimba oluphakathi".
Amafilimu okuvimbela ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izendlalelo ezingu-7 noma ngaphezulu.Ngezendlalelo ezisebenzayo, amafilimu anezingqimba eziningi ngokuvamile anogqinsi oluncane kunamafilimu anongqimba olulodwa.Ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza, ukushuba kwale filimu kungabuye kuncishiswe ngokwelula.I-Reifenhäuser Blown Films e-Troisdorf, e-Germany ibonisa iyunithi ye-Evolution Ultra Stretch enikezelwe kule njongo.Kusetshenziswa leyunithi yokwelula, amafilimu ezikhwama zokucindezelwa zamanabukeni angakhiqizwa ku-50µm esikhundleni sika-70µm, futhi amafilimu e-silage stretch anezakhiwo ezifanayo angakhiqizwa ngo-19µm esikhundleni sika-25µm - ukujiya kuncishiswe ngo-30%.
Ukusebenza kahle kuyisihloko esikhulu ekubumbeni umjovo
Ekukhiqizeni izinto zokupakisha ezibunjwe ngomjovo, ukunciphisa ukujiya nokonga impahla, kanye nokuthuthukisa isikhathi somjikelezo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, yikona okugxilwe kwengxoxo.Umshini wokubumba umjovo osebenza kahle kakhulu ovela kwa-Netstal Maschinenbau GmbH e-Näfels, e-Switzerland, ofakwe umshini wokushisela kagesi, ungakhiqiza amakepisi ayindilinga angaphezu kuka-43,000 ngehora, ngalinye linesisindo esingu-7g.
Ukulebula okungaphakathi kwesikhunta (IML) kudala kungenye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokuhlobisa ukubumba komjovo, kanye nomshini wokubumba umjovo we-El-Exis SP 200 we-Sumitomo Demag Plastics Machinery Co., Ltd. eSchwaig, eJalimane, onezikhathi zokujikeleza. engaphansi kuka-2s, Lo mshini cishe umshini osheshayo wokukhiqiza izinkomishi zokuhlobisa ze-IML.
Inqubo eyodwa esetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo yokupakisha ehlanganiswe ngomjovo ibe mncane kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba umjovo (ICM), obuthola ukunakwa okukhulayo embonini.Ngokungafani nokubumba komjovo okuvamile, inqubo inxephezela ukushwabana ngaphandle kokujova izinto ezengeziwe phakathi nesigaba sokubamba, okuholela ekongeni kwezinto ezifika ku-20%.
Imboni Ikhombisa Ikhono Elikhulu Lokusungula
Njengoba sekushiwo, akunakwenzeka ukumboza wonke amathrendi nezindaba esihlokweni esisodwa, kodwa nazi izinto ezifanayo:
Kukhona umkhuba okhulayo mayelana nokusetshenziswaamapulasitiki angaboliukuze kufakwe ukudla, futhi imikhiqizo emisha iya ngokuya ingena emakethe.
Ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuphrinta eqondile, amaphethini angaphrintwa ngokuqondile emaphaketheni epulasitiki nezivalo zawo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamalebula, futhi amaphethini aphrintiwe ngedijithali angashintshwa futhi atholwe ngokuqondile ngokuthinta inkinobho, ngaleyo ndlela ukwenza okomuntu siqu kucace - umkhiqizo ngamunye. ingaba nohlamvu lwayo oluphrintiwe.
Ikhiqiza ngempumelelo ukuphrinta komuntu siqu ngokuthinta inkinobho, ithrendi yokuhlobisa embonini yokupakisha
Abakhiqizi bemishini yokubumba yomjovo basebenza ngokukhethekile ekubumbeni igalelo lokushaya ngomjovo izicelo, lapho i-preform ebunjiwe yomjovo ivuthelwa ngokuqondile esikhunjeni esineziteshi eziningi, futhi ingabunjwa ngokweqile uma ifunwa.Imikhiqizo yokupakisha ekhangayo kakhulu ingakhiqizwa ngalobu buchwepheshe.
Ngemikhiqizo yokupakisha ebunjwe ngomjovo futhi edonswe ngokujulile, iCavonic, ese-Engel, eJalimane, yethule inqubo ye-ibt, indlela yokusebenzisa ungqimba oluncane olufana nengilazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-plasma enengcindezi ephansi, engandisa isikhathi sokudla sokudla. njengokudla kwezingane kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi emaphaketheni acacile ongqimba olulodwa.
Ngemishini elungile, ilebula ye-deep-draw in-mold(IML)amathreyi angakhiqizwa ngenani eliphansi kunezingxenye ezibunjwe ngomjovo.Uhlelo lwe-thermoforming olwakhiwe yi-Yili Machinery Co., Ltd. e-Heilbronn, eJalimane, luyakwazi ukukhiqiza amaphalethi alula ngenani elisheshayo, ngenani lokukhiqiza lama-euro angu-43.80 ngamaphalethi angu-1,000, uma kuqhathaniswa nokulebula okusesikhunjeni Inani elifanayo lamaphalethi. yohlobo olufanayo olukhiqizwe yi-(IML) ubuchwepheshe bokubumba umjovo yi-€51.60.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-15-2022